Shahed 136 Drones - More than a month has passed since the first Iranian-made Shahed-136 unmanned aerial vehicle (known as Geran-2 in Russian) was intercepted by Ukrainian forces near Kupian, Kharkiv province. The episode is the first evidence of rumors that Russia is deploying unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), or "unmanned aerial vehicles," manufactured and supplied by Iran for military operations in Ukraine (which Tehran still officially denies). Since then, Russian-controlled Iranian pilots have been stationed in key Ukrainian cities and critical infrastructure along the frontline.
It is not yet clear what effect these weapons will have in wartime. However, their ease of use, lethality, and deployment on the battlefield pose a growing threat to the Ukrainian military and population. The surrender of the Islamic Republic to Russia indicates that the Islamic Republic has moved into an active military support role. Russia's war in Ukraine (which has been strongly opposed by Kyiv, Washington and Brussels) and both countries have strengthened their strategic positions.
Shahed 136 Drones
In July, White House national security adviser Jake Sullivan revealed Moscow's intention to buy "hundreds" of Iranian-made aircraft, including models capable of producing weapons. these devices. Satellite images released later showed a Russian military delegation visiting the Shahid Karimi Air Base (participating in Iran's drone operations in Syria) in August to inspect the Shahed-129 and Shahed-191 combat drones.
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More than a month of flight operations by the Russian military in Ukraine shows that Tehran has indeed met Moscow's demands by providing (at least) two models of combat platforms: the Mohajer-6 and the delta-winged Shahed-136. The former Intermediate-Range Intelligence, Surveillance, Targeting and Reconnaissance (ISTAR) aircraft is an unmanned combat aircraft with a range of 200 km and a payload of up to 150 kg, including four payload bays. I have it. guided missiles or bombs. The latter is the latest development of the Iran Aircraft Industry Company (HESA), which will officially enter service with Iran's military in 2021. So far, the exact characteristics of Shahed-136/Geran-2 are unknown. According to public information, Iran claims it has a range of 2,500 km, a weight of 200 kg, a cruising speed of 185 km and the ability to carry a warhead of up to 40 kg. But at best these numbers look optimistic.
Both unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs) are designed for attack operations, but have different constructions, armament options, capabilities, and operational models. The Shahed-136 (multi-purpose) can be used for primary range tactics for direct hits on accurate targets at long range. Instead, the Mohajar is mainly compared to the Turkish-made TB2 drone (currently stored in Ukraine). Because it can perform surveillance and attack functions with its weapons before returning to its base. Ukrainian sources indicate that the Mohajer-6 aircraft were used for advanced surveillance, targeting the smaller Shahid.
Assessing the impact and effectiveness of a weapon system in a complex and rapidly evolving environment like Ukraine is difficult, and in this case it may be too early. Evidence from the battlefield of Russia's early use of Iranian drones (and actions taken by Ukraine) offers interesting insights into how the conflict is unfolding.
Strategically, the arrival of Iranian drones helped fill a critical gap in Russia's military operations in Ukraine. It delayed the importance of drone development. As a result, large surveillance aircraft (Eleron-3 and Orlan-10) were deployed to begin the campaign, but there were too few drones to accurately strike targets in enemy territory. It was little. Ukraine, by contrast, has made extensive use of Turkish-made warplanes since the early stages of the conflict to destroy Russian weapons, lines and artillery. Most of the Russian-made models in service with Ukraine, such as the Zala KYB ammunition, are inferior to similar Iranian designs due to their short range and very small warheads.
Ukraine: Russia Reportedly Returns To Iranian Supplied Drone Attacks
After eight months of intense fighting, Russia's aircraft fleet has been decimated by anti-Ukrainian operations and its stockpile of long-range cruise missiles is rapidly dwindling. Rebuilding these arsenals will take many years for Moscow to return to pre-war levels, especially given the restrictions on Russia's access to foreign high-tech components needed for this purpose. At this stage, Tehran's support is an ideal distance. As long as new supplies and a new generation of missiles and combat drones become available to the Kremlin, the solution is to rapidly deploy cheaper aircraft.
Operationally, Russia's deployment of Iranian drones has changed over the past few weeks, based on rapid developments on the battlefield. During the Ukrainian offensive in Kharkiv province in late August, Iranian drones were targeted mainly at long-range artillery batteries (including valuable US HIMARS rocket launchers), army units, arsenals and near the frontline. line vehicles. They then chose a more strategic approach, attacking high-value infrastructure targets (power stations, water, power lines, etc.) behind the front lines, especially in the south. Finally, on October 10, the Kremlin responded to the Kerch Bridge bombing (which Moscow admitted was a Ukrainian special operation) with an indiscriminate attack on major Ukrainian cities, including civilian targets inside Ukraine. This was done through the extensive use of Iranian-made munitions, cruise missiles and conventional bombs.
From a technical point of view, Iran's attack drones are not as technologically advanced as those of the US, Israel or Turkey. A Russian-Iranian-built fighter, the Shahed-136 is a primary weapon powered by a Mado MD-550 piston engine (a licensed Chinese version of the German Limbach L550) rated at 50 horsepower. Although it is economical in terms of fuel consumption and can travel long distances unmanned, the cruising speed is limited to only 185 km per hour. The drone is easy to spot because of its loud roar (which is why the Ukrainian military calls it a "moped"). Non-fast, low-flying targets can be vulnerable to rapid fire, anti-aircraft weapons (such as the ZSU-23-4 "Shilka" or the German Gepard) organized air defenses, or portable light aircraft. there are weapons. - Aircraft systems such as FIM-92 Stinger, Piorun, Starstreak (and sometimes even automatic infantry weapons).
On October 6, Ukraine's Prime Minister's Office announced that Russian forces had intercepted approximately 60% of the Shahed-136 aircraft deployed in Ukraine by that time. Two weeks later, Ukraine's Air Force Command claimed responsibility for a drone strike that killed 223 people between September 13 and October 19, suggesting the Kremlin had used the platforms in its latest retaliation operation.
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Beyond these numbers (which are still hard to pin down), it would be a mistake to overestimate the significant benefits that low-cost, rapidly deployable drone technology can provide on the battlefield. Despite their modest size, weak engines, lack of sophisticated electronics, and robust electronic warfare defenses, these aircraft have proven to be a formidable challenge for Ukraine's defenses. Along with its accuracy, the Shahed-136 is used in groups of 5-10 units, usually launched from standard containers that hold 5, and is used to saturate surface defenses on many unmanned aerial vehicles. In addition, Iranian anti-aircraft munitions are small, compact, and operate at low altitudes, making them difficult to detect with radars operating over a wide area, such as Ukraine's. As a result, countering large fleets of small, inexpensive drones (Ukrainian sources estimate the cost per unit at $20,000) is difficult, especially with anti-aircraft missiles or radar guidance. This can be very expensive if done with rockets. protectors in the long run. Wines (only limited quantities available).
Ukrainian officials fear increased use of Iranian drones against civilian targets and critical infrastructure as Russia has aimed long-range munitions at Ukrainian civilians in terrorist operations, the extent of the problem for Ukrainians being made more apparent by Kiev's arsenal. It was demanded of the United States and other NATO members. As Ukrainian President Volodymyr Zelenskiy recently revealed on October 11, Ukraine's defense intelligence service believes Russia wants to buy 2,400 Shahs from Iran. To counter this threat, Kyiv authorities are gradually strengthening their air defense system, starting with new demands on Washington and its Western allies.
After months of trying to buy long-range, high-precision artillery and munitions, Ukraine is now asking the US to ramp up air defense systems, including the National Advanced Surface-to-Air Missile System. (NASAMS) and the Phalanx Proximity Weapon System (CIWS). For its part, Washington has already promised to fulfill these requirements to help Ukraine.
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